Bismuth is a silvery-white metallic element with atomic number 83. Bismuth has the interesting physical property of being less dense as a solid than it is as a liquid, the only other common substances which expand when they freeze are antimony metal and water. This property of expanding when cooling is responsible for much of bismuth’s commercial uses.

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As a green metal, Bismuth is in low toxic,it is not easily absorbed by the body, it does not cause cancer, and it does not damage the DNA structure. It can be taken out of the body through urination. For these reasons, bismuth is often used to replace lead applications, such as lead-free solders, and even pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Its chemical properties are similar to those of arsenic and antimony. It is also the metal with the lowest thermal conductivity except mercury. It can be used to prepare fusible alloys and integrate with tin to prevent tin plague.